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Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS–TBNA) provides material for the cytological diagnostic workup. To improve the evaluation of unexplained intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, the availability of material for histological evaluation would be desirable. For this purpose, the technique of endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal forceps biopsy (EBUS-guided...
Background This study aimed to assess the palliative care needs of progressive idiopathic fibrotic interstitial lung disease (PIF-ILD) populations in two London ILD centres. Methods Patients’ records from Royal Brompton Hospital (RBH) and King’s College Hospital (KCH) were extracted to assess palliative care needs, use of palliative treatments, and whether end-of-life preferences were documented...
Prevalence, characteristics and the very existence of neurofibromatosis-associated diffuse lung disease remain unclear, mostly because the few studies that looked at pulmonary involvement in such patients used chest X-ray as diagnostic mean. We report on the clinical, functional and HRCT findings in a patient with neurofibromatosis-associated diffuse lung disease and provide a short literature review.
Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a marker of inflammation of the airways accompanying changes in the clinical condition of asthma. Allergen exposure has been associated with a delayed elevation of FeNO. The aim of this study was to assess airway inflammation with FeNO measurements during bronchial allergen challenge (BAC), and to determine the diagnostic performance of FeNO changes...
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the respiratory health of workers exposed to organic and inorganic dusts. Methods Meta-analysis techniques incorporating logistic regression were applied to a combined file of 12 occupational health studies. Results Meta-analysis of data on 1,367 women and 4,240 men showed that women had higher odds of shortness of breath whether...
Background Nasal polyps are abnormal lesions that cause airway obstruction and can occur along with other respiratory diseases. On account of its association with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), the human discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2 (DCBLD2) is hypothesized to be a candidate gene for the development of nasal polyps in asthma patients. Methods A total of 12 single-nucleotide...
Background Patients with pleural effusions who reside in geographic areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis frequently have similar clinical manifestations of other diseases. The aim of our study was to develop a simple but accurate clinical score for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis pleural effusion (TPE) from non-TB pleural effusion (NTPE). Methods This was an unblinded, prospective...
Pregnancy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with a maternal mortality of 30–50% despite modern treatment modalities. The majority of maternal deaths in PAH patients occur either during labor and delivery or within 1 month postpartum. Cardiovascular collapse is attributed to a mismatch between the physiologic limitations of PAH and the changes that occur with pregnancy...
Study Objective This study was designed to investigate the possible role of IFN-γ in eosinophil degranulation that occurs during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Methods Sixty-seven infants, 2–24 months old and hospitalized with their first episode of acute RSV bronchiolitis, were selected for this study. Eosinophil-active cytokine and chemokine profiles in nasal lavage supernatants...
Sleep apnea is a common health concern that is characterized by repetitive episodes of asphyxia. This condition has been linked to serious long-term adverse effects such as hypertension, metabolic dysregulation, and cardiovascular disease. Although the mechanism for the initiation and aggravation of cardiovascular disease has not been fully elucidated, oxidative stress and subsequent endothelial dysfunction...
Background Even though fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopy has been well developed, the diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) remains unsatisfying. Therefore, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has been implemented recently to enhance the possibility of attaining true diagnosis. However, there are few studies that directly compare the success rate of fiber-optic bronchoscopy with fluoroscopic...
Introduction Pulmonary innate immunity is impaired in cigarette smokers, because the abundant oxidants present in cigarette smoke (CS) cause injury to lung cells. Pulmonary surfactant is a unique material that is important roles in reducing surface tension in the lung and defending against invading pathogens. Oxidants reportedly cleave surfactant phospholipids, resulting in the production of oxidized...
Background Pulmonary endarterectomy is the treatment of choice in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Modern pulmonary vasoactive medication (like endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and prostacyclins) is used in patients with an inoperable disease and improved prognosis. We evaluate mortality and time to clinical worsening (TtCW) in inoperable...
Background Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a carboxypeptidase that besides inhibiting fibrinolysis, also regulates inflammatory processes. The only validated substrate known for TAFI is fibrin. In the present study we evaluated the role of TAFI in bronchial asthma by comparing the development of allergic bronchial asthma...
Study Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if electrocardiographically synchronized, prospectively triggered multidetector row computed tomography (ECG-MDR-CT) angiography of the aorta can accurately predict the location of ectopic bronchial arteries in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with massive hemoptysis prior to bronchial artery embolization (BAE). Design and Setting The study...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized by chronic airflow limitation. Unraveling of this heterogeneity is challenging but important, because it might enable more accurate diagnosis and treatment. Because spirometry cannot distinguish between the different contributing pathways of airflow limitation, and visual scoring is time-consuming and prone...
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